Policy Priorities and Challenges in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Drawing on workshops held in Bonn in 2025 and 2026 and conversations with agricultural negotiators and technical experts from more than 40 countries, this report examines what it takes to turn international nitrogen commitments into national action under the UNFCCC. Participants prioritized delivering existing commitments over adding new ones, and five interconnected challenges emerged: institutional fragmentation, data and MRV gaps, subsidy reform, financing the transition, and farmer vulnerability and backlash. The report explores country experiences and possible responses, and asks how to sustain momentum beyond 2030.